List of Grains Used in Cooking

List of grains used in cooking includes different types of grains. This list covers common grains that can be used in recipes and culinary applications.
By İbrahim Korucuoğlu (@siberoloji) |
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Main Cereals (Real Cereals - Poaceae Family)

Types of Wheat

  • Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • Durum wheat (makarya)
  • Emmer wheat (old wheat)
  • Einkorn wheat (einkorn wheat)
  • Spelt wheat
  • Kamut wheat
  • Bulgur (processed wheat)
  • Freekeh (green wheat)

Types of Rice

  • White rice
  • Brown rice
  • Basmati rice
  • Jasmine rice
  • Arborio rice (risotto rice)
  • Sushi rice
  • Glutinous rice (sticky rice)
  • Wild rice
  • Red rice
  • Black rice
  • Bomba rice (Spanish)
  • Carnaroli rice
  • Calrose rice

Corn

  • Yellow corn
  • White corn
  • Blue corn
  • Popcorn
  • Corn flour
  • Polenta corn
  • Dent corn
  • Flint corn
  • Sweet corn

Barley

  • Pearl barley
  • Hulled barley
  • Pot barley
  • Quick-cooking barley
  • Barley bulgur

Oats

  • Rolled oats
  • Steel-cut oats
  • Quick oats
  • Oat flour
  • Oat groats

Rye

  • Rye grain
  • Rye flour
  • Pumpernickel rye

Millet

  • Proso millet
  • Pearl millet
  • Finger millet
  • Foxtail millet
  • Barnyard millet
  • Little millet
  • Kodo millet

Pseudocereals

Quinoa Types

  • White quinoa
  • Red quinoa
  • Black quinoa
  • Tricolor quinoa

Amaranth

  • Amaranth grain
  • Amaranth flour

Buckwheat

  • Buckwheat grain
  • Buckwheat flour
  • Soba (buckwheat noodles)

Kanihua

  • Kanihua grain (Andes)

Chia

  • Chia seed

Common Grains in Türkiye

Traditional Turkish Grains

  • Einkorn wheat
  • Kavılca wheat
  • Bursa black rice
  • Osmancık rice
  • Baldo rice
  • Tosya rice

Regional Varieties

  • Karacadağ wheat
  • Erzurum Karasi wheat
  • Adana rice
  • Central Anatolian barley

Ancient and Old Grains

Ancient Wheats

  • Einkorn (single grain wheat)
  • Emmer (two grain wheat)
  • Spelt
  • Khorasan wheat

Other Ancient Grains

  • Teff (Ethiopia)
  • Fonio (Africa)
  • Job’s tears (Asia)

Specially Processed Grains

Fermented Grains

  • Tempeh (made from soy but similar to cereal)
  • Idli (rice and lentils)
  • Dosa (rice batter)

Puffed Grains

  • Puffed rice
  • Puffed wheat
  • Popcorn

Crushed Grains

  • Rolled oats
  • Rolled barley
  • Cracked wheat

Regional Special Grains

African Grains

  • Teff
  • Fonio
  • Sorghum (millet)
  • African rice

Asian Grains

  • Job’s tears
  • Japanese millet
  • Adlay

American Grains

  • Teosinte (ancestor of corn)
  • Wild rice
  • Mayagrass

Grain Products

Flours

  • Wheat flour (white, whole wheat)
  • Rice flour
  • Corn flour
  • Barley flour
  • Oat flour
  • Rye flour
  • Quinoa flour
  • Buckwheat flour

Semolina

  • Wheat semolina
  • Corn semolina
  • Rice semolina

Types of Bulgur

  • Fine bulgur
  • Medium bulgur
  • Coarse bulgur
  • Meatball bulgur

Traditional Grain-Based Foods

Turkish Cuisine

  • Rice varieties
  • Bulgur pilaf
  • Keşkek
  • Ashure
  • Porridge

World Cuisines

  • Risotto (Italy)
  • Paella (Spain)
  • Polenta (Italy)
  • Congee (China)
  • Khichdi (India)

Nutritional Values ​​(approximately per 100g):

  • Wheat: 340 kcal, 13g protein
  • Rice: 365 kcal, 7g protein
  • Oats: 389 kcal, 17g protein
  • Quinoa: 368 kcal, 14g protein
  • Millet: 378 kcal, 11g protein

Important Notes:

  • Whole grains have higher fiber and nutritional value
  • Gluten-free grains: rice, corn, millet, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat
  • Grains are rich in carbohydrates and energy
  • Contains B vitamins and minerals
  • More than 50% of the world’s population gets calories from grains